Periodontal Disease

Periodontal (gum) diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are serious infections that, can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. The word periodontal literally means "around the tooth". Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gums and the bone supporting the teeth.

Periodontal disease can affect one tooth or multiple teeth. It begins with the bacteria in plaque (the sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on your teeth) causing the gums to become inflamed.

In the mildest form of the disease, gingivitis, the gums begin to redden, swell and bleed easily. There is usually little or no discomfort. Gingivitis is mostly caused by inadequate oral hygiene. Gingivitis is reversible, but only with professional treatment and appropriate oral home care. Untreated gingivitis can advance to periodontitis. With time, the plaque can spread and grow below the gum line. Toxins produced by the bacteria in the plaque irritate the gums. The toxins stimulate a chronic inflammatory response in which the body in essence turns on itself, and the tissues and bone that support the teeth are break down and get destroyed. Gums separate from the teeth, forming pockets (spaces between the teeth and gums) that become seriously infected. As the disease progresses, the pockets deepen and more gum tissue and bone gets destroyed. Often, this destructive process has very mild symptoms. Eventually, teeth can become loose and may have to be removed.

More information about periodontal disease

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